Cuestionario de riesgo de deserción universitaria (CDUe) basado en el modelo ecológico

Abstract

Background. The ecological theory of human development allows us to understand the university dropout process as a multidimensional and multivariate phenomenon. However, there are no validated structured questionnaires to screen the risk of dropping out from this theoretical perspective. Goal. Constructing and validating a questionnaire to assess the perceived risk of dropping out in university students, from the perception of inconsistencies in the student's interaction processes and their proximal and distal ecological environments that affect the breach of their professional training expectations. Methodology. Psychometric study with an empirical-analytical approach, of a quantitative type, descriptive methodology, with individual cross-sectional measures. A stratified probabilistic sampling was used to select 729 students from two Colombian universities. Results. The factorial structure of the questionnaire explains 38% of the variance, with adequate levels of precision (α>, 68; w>, 67). Consisting of 49 items, grouped into five scales (micro level: self-efficacy and vocational decision; meso level: functional and dysfunctional support networks; macro level: curricular support structure and job placement). The one-dimensional scale of labor insertion for final year students is added, which grouped 14 items with adequate levels of limitation (α>, 8; w>, 8) and explains 22.45% of the variance. Self-efficacy scales, support networks and curricular support with good levels of sensitivity and the vocational decision scale have a high level of specificity. Conclusions. The questionnaire showed construct and convergent validity and of the psychometric reliability. This allows to detect early warning of dropout in students from ecological theory. The questionnaire is useful for longitudinal follow-up. This multidimensional model associates the analysis of time, gender and university (public or private).