How to Cite
Posttraumatic Stress disorder and epigenetics. stress-associated gene methylations. (2021). Tesis Psicológica, 16(2), 84-105. https://doi.org/10.37511/tesis.v16n2a5
Abstract
Background: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric disorder related to stress and anxiety produced by a traumatic event. It is multifactorial in origin, and genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors stand out. Objective: To present a literature review showing the relationship between methylations in genes of the glucocorticoid pathway and the development of PTSD. Methodology: The literature search was performed in the Web of Science (WoS), Scopus, and PubMed databases with the search equation: "PTSD" and "glucocorticoid" and "epigenetic," between 2000 and 2020. Results: We analyzed 12 research articles that reviewed the relationship between the genes: NR3C1, FKBP5, GILZ, associated methylations, and the development of PTSD. Methylation levels of these genes were found to be related to the development of PTSD in people who suffered childhood abuse, in victims who suffered war trauma (genocide, combat, holocaust), and in their children, associated with structural changes in brain areas and response to treatment. Conclusions: Methylations in genes involved in the glucocorticoid pathway are connected to the risk of developing PTSD. Heterogeneity of results is evidenced in the relationship between methylation levels and the risk of suffering the disorder, in the type of population, and the types of traumas. The methylation levels in the genes reviewed could be used as biomarkers related to factors such as heredity, treatment, and susceptibility to PTSD in the face of different traumas and be evaluated in future research in different populations.
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De Kloet, E. Ron., Joëls, M., & Holsboer, F. (2005). Stress and the brain: From adaptation to disease. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 6(6), 463–475. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn1683
Dunlop, B. W., & Wong, A. (2019). The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in PTSD: Pathophysiology and treatment interventions. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, 89, 361–379. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.10.010
Flory, J. D., & Yehuda, R. (2017). 302. In Stress: Neuroendocrinology and Neurobiology, 2, 302-307 .https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-802175-0.00030-9
Gjerstad, J. K., Lightman, S. L., & Spiga, F. (2018). Role of glucocorticoid negative feedback in the regulation of HPA axis pulsatility. Stress, 21, 403–416. https://doi.org/10.1080/10253890.2018.1470238
González-Ramírez, C., Villavicencio-Queijeiro, A., Jiménez-Morales, S., Bárcenas-López, D., Hidalgo-Miranda, A., Ruiz-Chow, A., Tellez-Cárdenas, L., Guardado-Estrada, M. (2020). The NR3C1 gene expression is a potential surrogate biomarker for risk and diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder. Psychiatry Research, 284, 112797. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112797
Guillén-Burgos, H. F., & Gutiérrez-Ruiz, K. (2018). Genetic Advances in Post-traumatic stress disorder. Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatria, 47(2), 108–118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcp.2016.12.001
Heim, C., & Nemeroff, C. B. (2011). Neurobiology of post-traumatic stress disorder. Neurobiology of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, 1(1), 1–379. https://doi.org/10.1176/foc.1.3.313
Howie, H., Rijal, C. M., & Ressler, K. J. (2019). A review of epigenetic contributions to post-traumatic stress disorder. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 21(4), 417–428. https://doi.org/10.31887/DCNS.2019.21.4/kressler
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