Abstract
Antecedentes: La búsqueda de aceptación de la imagen positiva deseada puede generar efectos psicológicos negativos en los usuarios de las redes sociales, cada vez son más los estudios que describen la magnitud de estos efectos, pero son pocos los que proponen una explicación. Objetivo: Examinar el papel mediador de la autocompasión entre el autoconcepto y la apariencia física en mujeres mayores de edad usuarias de Instagram. Método: Estudio no experimental de corte transversal, cuantitativo de alcance explicativo, la muestra de 228 mujeres colombianas con edades entre los 18 a los 29 años, a quienes se les administró un cuestionario online de datos sociodemográficos y de caracterización de uso de la red social Instagram, la escala de auto-compasión (SCS), el inventario de Esquemas Sobre la Apariencia-Revisado (ASI-R) y el cuestionario de Autoconcepto Personal (APE). Resultados: Se evidencia relación negativa entre el autoconcepto y la preocupación por la apariencia física; también se identifica la autocompasión como variable mediadora total del efecto de la relación entre autoconcepto y preocupación por la apariencia física y finalmente, una comprensión del efecto de mediación de la autocompasión a través de sus dimensiones. Conclusión: Es oportuno minimizar la angustia psicológica que genera el uso de las redes sociales en especial Instagram, a través de la comprensión y fortalecimiento de la autocompasión en las mujeres.
References
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Angyang, L., Shou, W., Minmin, C., Ruiqi, S., & Xiangping, L. (2020). Self-compassion and life-satisfaction among Chinese self-quarantined residents during COVID-19 pandemic: A moderated mediation model of positive coping and gender. Personality and Individual Differences, 170, 110-457. Doi:10.1016/j.paid.2020.110457
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Argyris, Y.A., Wang, Z., Kim, Y., & Yin, Z. (2020). The effects of visual congruence on increasing consumers’ brand engagement: an empirical investigation of influencer marketing on Instagram using deep-learning algorithms for automatic image classification. Computers in Human Behavior, 112, 106-443. Doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2020.106443
Bij de Vaate, N., Veldhuis, J., & Konijn, E. (2020). How online self-presentation affects well-being and body image: A systematic review. Telematics and Informatics, 47, 101-316. Doi: /10.1016/j.tele.2019.101316
Boepple, L., Ata, R.N., Rum, R., & Thompson, J.K. (2016). Strong is the new skinny: a content analysis of fitspiration websites. Body Image, 17, 132-135. Doi: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2016.03.001
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Casado-Riera, C., & Carbonell, X. (2018). La influencia de la personalidad en el uso de Instagram/ The influence of personality on Instagram use. Aloma: Revista de Psicologia, Ciències de l'Educació i de l'Esport, 36(2), 11-29. Doi: 10.51698/aloma.2018.36.2.23-31
Cash, T. F., & Labarge, A. S. (1996). Development of the Appearance Schemas Inventory: A new cognitive body-image assessment. Cognitive therapy and Research, 20(1), 37-50. Doi: 10.1007/BF02229242
Cash, T. F., Melnyk, S. E., & Hrabosky, J. I. (2004). The assessment of body image investment: An extensive revision of the Appearance Schemas Inventory. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 35(3), 305–316. Doi: 10.1002/eat.10264
Davies, B., Turner, M., & Udell, J. (2020). Add a comment… how fitspiration and body positive captions attached to social media images influence the mood and body esteem of young female Instagram users. Body Image, 33, 101-105. Doi: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.02.009
Engeln, R. (2017). Beauty sick: How the cultural obsession with appearance hurts girls and women. New York, NY: HarperCollins Publishers.
Engeln, R., Loach, R., Imundo, M.N., & Zola, A. (2020). Compared to Facebook, Instagram use causes more appearance comparison and lower body satisfaction in college women. Body Image, 34, 38-45. Doi: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.04.007
Fitts, H. W. (1972). The self-concept and behavior: Overview and supplement. Nashville: The Dede Wallace Center.
García-Fogeda Mansilla, E. (2016). Un recurso interno ante la vergüenza interna: la autocompasión (tesis de maestría). Universidad Pontificia Comillas Madrid, 1-30. Recuperado de https://repositorio.comillas.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/11531/9711/TFM000404.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
García-Murillo, A.C & Puerta-Cortés, D.X. (2020). Relación entre el uso adictivo de Facebook y el autoconcepto en estudiantes colombianos. Revista Virtual Universidad Católica del Norte, 59, 27-44. Doi: 10.35575/rvucn.n59a3
Garrido, S.J., Cupani, M & Arbach, K. (2017). Aplicación del modelo de escala de clasificación para examinar las propiedades psicométricas de la self-control scale. Psykhe, 26(2), 1-12. Recuperado de https://scielo.conicyt.cl/pdf/psykhe/v26n2/0718-2228-psykhe-26-02-psykhe_26_2_980.pdf
Goñi, E., Madariaga, J. M., Axpe, I., & Goñi, A. (2011). Structure of the personal self-concept (PSC) questionnaire. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 11(3), 509–522. Recuperado de https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2011-21376-006
Goñi, A. (1996). La construcción del conocimiento sociomoral. En F. Bacaicoa (Ed.), La construcción de conocimientos, (pp. 307-318). Bilbao: UPV/EHU.
Hogue, J.V., & Mills, J.S. (2019). The effects of active social media engagement with peers on body image in young women. Body Image, 28, 1-5.
Doi: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2018.11.002
Homan, K. J., & Tylka, T. L. (2015). Self-compassion moderates body comparison and appearance self-worth's inverse relationships with body appreciation. Body image, 15, 1-7. Doi: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2015.04.007
Hernandéz, R., Fernández, C., & Baptista, M.D.P. (2010). Metodología de la investigación 5ta edición, México DF: McGrawHill.
Keng, S.L., & Liew, K.W.L. (2017). Trait mindfulness and self-compassion as moderators of the association between gender nonconformity and psychological health. Mindfulness, 8(3), 615-626. Doi: 10.1007/s12671-016-0639-0
Lee-Won, R.J., Joo, Y.K., Baek, Y.M., Hu, D., & Park, S.G. (2020). Obsessed with retouching your selfies? check your mindset!”:Female Instagram users with a fixed mindset are at greater risk of disordered eating. Personality and Individual Differences, 167, 110-223. Doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110223
Liss, M., & Erchull, M. J. (2015). Not hating what you see: self-compassion may protect against negative mental health variables connected to self-objectification in college women. Body Image, 14, 5-12. Doi: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2015.02.006
Linardon, J., Susanto, L., Tepper, H., & Fuller-Tyszkiewicz, M. (2020). Self-compassion as a moderator of the relationships between shape and weight overvaluation and eating disorder psychopathology, psychosocial impairment, and psychological distress. Body Image, 33, 183-189. Doi: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.03.001
Navarrete, D., Castel, S., Romanos, B., & Bruna, I. (2017). Influencia negativa de las redes sociales en la salud de adolescentes y adultos jóvenes: una revisión bibliográfica. Psicología y salud, 27(2), 255-267. Recuperado de https://psicologiaysalud.uv.mx/index.php/psicysalud/article/view/2531/4413
Neff, K.D. (2003a). The development and validation of a scale to measure self-compassion. Self and Identity, 2, 223-250. Doi: 10.1080/15298860309027
Neff, K. D. (2003b). Self-Compassion: An Alternative Conceptualization of a Healthy Attitude Toward Oneself. Self and Identity, 2(2), 85-101. Doi: 10.1080/15298860309032
Neff, K. D., & McGehee, P. (2010). Self-compassion and psychological resilience among adolescents and young adults. Self and Identity, 9(3), 225–240. Doi: 10.1080/15298860902979307
Ponnusamy, S., Iranmanesh, M., Foroughi, B., & Hyun, S. S. (2020). Drivers and outcomes of Instagram Addiction: Psychological well-being as moderator. Computers in Human Behavior, 107, 106-294. Doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2020.106294
Raque-Bogdan, T.L., Piontkowski, S., Hui, K., Ziemer, K.S., & Garriott, P.O. (2016). Self-compassion as a mediator between attachment anxiety and body appreciation: An exploratory model. Body Image, 19, 28-36. Doi: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2016.08.001
Restrepo, J.E., & Quirama, T. (2018). Riesgo de trastorno de la conducta alimentaria y uso de redes sociales en usuarias de gimnasios de la ciudad de Medellín, Colombia. Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatría. 49(3), 162-169. Doi: 10.1016/j.rcp.2018.08.003
Saraff, S., Tiwari, S., & Rishipal, P. (2020). Effect of mindfulness on self- concept, self-esteem and growth mindset: evidence from undergraduate students. Journal of Psychosocial Research, 15(1), 331-343. Doi: 10.32381/JPR.2020.15.01.28
Seekis, V., Bradley, G. L., & Duffy, A. L. (2020). Does a Facebook-enhanced mindful self-compassion intervention improve body image? An evaluation study. Body Image, 34, 259-269. Doi: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.07.006
Silva, C., Jimenez-Cruz, B., Ramos-Rosales, J., Hernández, A., Brito, K., & Moreno, A. (2016). Adaptation of the appearance schemas inventory (ASI-R) for spanish speaking population. Revista iberoamericana de diagnóstico y evaliación-e avallacao psicologica, 2(42), 85-94. Recuperado de: https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=6474718
Siegel, J.A., Huellemann, K.L., Hillier, C. C., & Campbell, L. (2020). The protective role of self-compassion for women’s positive body image: an open replication and extension. Body Image, 32, 136-144. Doi: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2019.12.003
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Ștefan, C.A. (2019). Self-compassion as mediator between coping and social anxiety in late adolescence: a longitudinal analysis. Journal of adolescence, 76, 120-128. Doi: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2019.08.013
Stoeber, J., Lalova, A. V., & Lumley, E. J. (2020). Perfectionism,(self-) compassion, and subjective well-being: a mediation model. Personality and individual differences, 154, 109-708. Doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2019.109708
Shane-Simpson, C., Manago, A., Gaggi, N., & Gillespie-Lynch, K. (2018). Why do college students prefer Facebook, Twitter, or Instagram? site affordances, tensions between privacy and self-expression, and implications for social capital. Computers in Human Behavior, 86, 276-288. Doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2018.04.041
Shavelson, R.J.; Hubner, J.J. y Stanton, J.C. (1976). Self-Concept: Validation of construct interpretations. Review of Educational Research 46, 407-441.
Seekis, V., Bradley, G. L., & Duffy, A. L. (2020). Does a Facebook-enhanced mindful self-compassion intervention improve body image? an evaluation study. Body Image, 34, 259-269. Doi: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.07.006
Sherman, L. E., Payton, A. A., Hernandez, L. M., Greenfield, P. M., & Dapretto, M. (2016). The power of the like in adolescence: effects of peer influence on neural and behavioral responses to social media. Psychological science, 27(7), 1027-1035. Doi: 10.1177/0956797616645673
Tiggemann, M., & Anderberg, I. (2020). Muscles and bare chests on Instagram: the effect of influencers’ fashion and fitspiration images on men’s body image. Body Image, 35, 237-244. Doi: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.10.001
Tiggemann, M., & Barbato, I. (2018). “You look great!”: The effect of viewing appearance-related Instagram comments on women’s body image. Body Image, 27, 61-66. Doi: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2018.08.009
Tiggemann, M., & Zaccardo, M. (2015). “Exercise to be fit, not skinny”: The effect of fitspiration imagery on women's body image. Body image, 15, 61-67. Doi: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2015.06.003
Umandap, J. D., & Teh, L. A. (2020). Self-compassion as a mediator between perfectionism and personal growth initiative. Psychological Studies, 65(3), 227-238. Doi: 10.1007/s12646-020-00566-8
Wasylkiw, L., MacKinnon, A.L., & MacLellan, A.M. (2012). Exploring the link between self-compassion and body image in university women. Body image, 9(2), 236-245. Doi: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2012.01.007
Wiederhold, B.K. (2018). The tenuous relationship between Instagram and teen self-identity. Cyberpsychology, behavior, and social networking, 21(4), 215–216. Doi: 10.1089/cyber.2018.29108.bkw
Wet, A. J., Lane, B.R., & Mulgrew, K.E. (2020). A randomised controlled trial examining the effects of self-compassion meditations on women’s body image. Body Image, 35, 22-29. Doi: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.07.009
Aiken, L.S., & West, S.G. (1991). Multiple regression: testing and interpreting interactions. Sage Publications.
Angyang, L., Shou, W., Minmin, C., Ruiqi, S., & Xiangping, L. (2020). Self-compassion and life-satisfaction among Chinese self-quarantined residents during COVID-19 pandemic: A moderated mediation model of positive coping and gender. Personality and Individual Differences, 170, 110-457. Doi:10.1016/j.paid.2020.110457
Araya, C., & Moncada, L. (2016). Auto-compasión, origen, concepto y evidencias preliminares. Revista Argentina de clínica psicológica, 25(1), 67-78. Recuperado de http://www.revistaclinicapsicologica.com
Argyris, Y.A., Wang, Z., Kim, Y., & Yin, Z. (2020). The effects of visual congruence on increasing consumers’ brand engagement: an empirical investigation of influencer marketing on Instagram using deep-learning algorithms for automatic image classification. Computers in Human Behavior, 112, 106-443. Doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2020.106443
Bij de Vaate, N., Veldhuis, J., & Konijn, E. (2020). How online self-presentation affects well-being and body image: A systematic review. Telematics and Informatics, 47, 101-316. Doi: /10.1016/j.tele.2019.101316
Boepple, L., Ata, R.N., Rum, R., & Thompson, J.K. (2016). Strong is the new skinny: a content analysis of fitspiration websites. Body Image, 17, 132-135. Doi: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2016.03.001
Boepple, L., & Thompson, J. K. (2016). A content analytic comparison of fitspiration and thinspiration websites. The International journal of eating disorders, 49(1), 98–101. Doi: 10.1002/eat.22403
Brown, Z., & Tiggemann, M. (2020). A picture is worth a thousand words: the effect of viewing celebrity Instagram images with disclaimer and body positive captions on women’s body image. Body Image, 33, 190-198. Doi: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.03.003
Casado-Riera, C., & Carbonell, X. (2018). La influencia de la personalidad en el uso de Instagram/ The influence of personality on Instagram use. Aloma: Revista de Psicologia, Ciències de l'Educació i de l'Esport, 36(2), 11-29. Doi: 10.51698/aloma.2018.36.2.23-31
Cash, T. F., & Labarge, A. S. (1996). Development of the Appearance Schemas Inventory: A new cognitive body-image assessment. Cognitive therapy and Research, 20(1), 37-50. Doi: 10.1007/BF02229242
Cash, T. F., Melnyk, S. E., & Hrabosky, J. I. (2004). The assessment of body image investment: An extensive revision of the Appearance Schemas Inventory. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 35(3), 305–316. Doi: 10.1002/eat.10264
Davies, B., Turner, M., & Udell, J. (2020). Add a comment… how fitspiration and body positive captions attached to social media images influence the mood and body esteem of young female Instagram users. Body Image, 33, 101-105. Doi: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.02.009
Engeln, R. (2017). Beauty sick: How the cultural obsession with appearance hurts girls and women. New York, NY: HarperCollins Publishers.
Engeln, R., Loach, R., Imundo, M.N., & Zola, A. (2020). Compared to Facebook, Instagram use causes more appearance comparison and lower body satisfaction in college women. Body Image, 34, 38-45. Doi: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.04.007
Fitts, H. W. (1972). The self-concept and behavior: Overview and supplement. Nashville: The Dede Wallace Center.
García-Fogeda Mansilla, E. (2016). Un recurso interno ante la vergüenza interna: la autocompasión (tesis de maestría). Universidad Pontificia Comillas Madrid, 1-30. Recuperado de https://repositorio.comillas.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/11531/9711/TFM000404.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
García-Murillo, A.C & Puerta-Cortés, D.X. (2020). Relación entre el uso adictivo de Facebook y el autoconcepto en estudiantes colombianos. Revista Virtual Universidad Católica del Norte, 59, 27-44. Doi: 10.35575/rvucn.n59a3
Garrido, S.J., Cupani, M & Arbach, K. (2017). Aplicación del modelo de escala de clasificación para examinar las propiedades psicométricas de la self-control scale. Psykhe, 26(2), 1-12. Recuperado de https://scielo.conicyt.cl/pdf/psykhe/v26n2/0718-2228-psykhe-26-02-psykhe_26_2_980.pdf
Goñi, E., Madariaga, J. M., Axpe, I., & Goñi, A. (2011). Structure of the personal self-concept (PSC) questionnaire. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 11(3), 509–522. Recuperado de https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2011-21376-006
Goñi, A. (1996). La construcción del conocimiento sociomoral. En F. Bacaicoa (Ed.), La construcción de conocimientos, (pp. 307-318). Bilbao: UPV/EHU.
Hogue, J.V., & Mills, J.S. (2019). The effects of active social media engagement with peers on body image in young women. Body Image, 28, 1-5.
Doi: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2018.11.002
Homan, K. J., & Tylka, T. L. (2015). Self-compassion moderates body comparison and appearance self-worth's inverse relationships with body appreciation. Body image, 15, 1-7. Doi: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2015.04.007
Hernandéz, R., Fernández, C., & Baptista, M.D.P. (2010). Metodología de la investigación 5ta edición, México DF: McGrawHill.
Keng, S.L., & Liew, K.W.L. (2017). Trait mindfulness and self-compassion as moderators of the association between gender nonconformity and psychological health. Mindfulness, 8(3), 615-626. Doi: 10.1007/s12671-016-0639-0
Lee-Won, R.J., Joo, Y.K., Baek, Y.M., Hu, D., & Park, S.G. (2020). Obsessed with retouching your selfies? check your mindset!”:Female Instagram users with a fixed mindset are at greater risk of disordered eating. Personality and Individual Differences, 167, 110-223. Doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110223
Liss, M., & Erchull, M. J. (2015). Not hating what you see: self-compassion may protect against negative mental health variables connected to self-objectification in college women. Body Image, 14, 5-12. Doi: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2015.02.006
Linardon, J., Susanto, L., Tepper, H., & Fuller-Tyszkiewicz, M. (2020). Self-compassion as a moderator of the relationships between shape and weight overvaluation and eating disorder psychopathology, psychosocial impairment, and psychological distress. Body Image, 33, 183-189. Doi: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.03.001
Navarrete, D., Castel, S., Romanos, B., & Bruna, I. (2017). Influencia negativa de las redes sociales en la salud de adolescentes y adultos jóvenes: una revisión bibliográfica. Psicología y salud, 27(2), 255-267. Recuperado de https://psicologiaysalud.uv.mx/index.php/psicysalud/article/view/2531/4413
Neff, K.D. (2003a). The development and validation of a scale to measure self-compassion. Self and Identity, 2, 223-250. Doi: 10.1080/15298860309027
Neff, K. D. (2003b). Self-Compassion: An Alternative Conceptualization of a Healthy Attitude Toward Oneself. Self and Identity, 2(2), 85-101. Doi: 10.1080/15298860309032
Neff, K. D., & McGehee, P. (2010). Self-compassion and psychological resilience among adolescents and young adults. Self and Identity, 9(3), 225–240. Doi: 10.1080/15298860902979307
Ponnusamy, S., Iranmanesh, M., Foroughi, B., & Hyun, S. S. (2020). Drivers and outcomes of Instagram Addiction: Psychological well-being as moderator. Computers in Human Behavior, 107, 106-294. Doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2020.106294
Raque-Bogdan, T.L., Piontkowski, S., Hui, K., Ziemer, K.S., & Garriott, P.O. (2016). Self-compassion as a mediator between attachment anxiety and body appreciation: An exploratory model. Body Image, 19, 28-36. Doi: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2016.08.001
Restrepo, J.E., & Quirama, T. (2018). Riesgo de trastorno de la conducta alimentaria y uso de redes sociales en usuarias de gimnasios de la ciudad de Medellín, Colombia. Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatría. 49(3), 162-169. Doi: 10.1016/j.rcp.2018.08.003
Saraff, S., Tiwari, S., & Rishipal, P. (2020). Effect of mindfulness on self- concept, self-esteem and growth mindset: evidence from undergraduate students. Journal of Psychosocial Research, 15(1), 331-343. Doi: 10.32381/JPR.2020.15.01.28
Seekis, V., Bradley, G. L., & Duffy, A. L. (2020). Does a Facebook-enhanced mindful self-compassion intervention improve body image? An evaluation study. Body Image, 34, 259-269. Doi: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.07.006
Silva, C., Jimenez-Cruz, B., Ramos-Rosales, J., Hernández, A., Brito, K., & Moreno, A. (2016). Adaptation of the appearance schemas inventory (ASI-R) for spanish speaking population. Revista iberoamericana de diagnóstico y evaliación-e avallacao psicologica, 2(42), 85-94. Recuperado de: https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=6474718
Siegel, J.A., Huellemann, K.L., Hillier, C. C., & Campbell, L. (2020). The protective role of self-compassion for women’s positive body image: an open replication and extension. Body Image, 32, 136-144. Doi: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2019.12.003
Statcounter. (2021). Social media stats Colombia: Apr 2020- Apr 2021. Statcounter Global Stats. Recuperado de https://gs.statcounter.com/social-media-stats/all/colombia
Ștefan, C.A. (2019). Self-compassion as mediator between coping and social anxiety in late adolescence: a longitudinal analysis. Journal of adolescence, 76, 120-128. Doi: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2019.08.013
Stoeber, J., Lalova, A. V., & Lumley, E. J. (2020). Perfectionism,(self-) compassion, and subjective well-being: a mediation model. Personality and individual differences, 154, 109-708. Doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2019.109708
Shane-Simpson, C., Manago, A., Gaggi, N., & Gillespie-Lynch, K. (2018). Why do college students prefer Facebook, Twitter, or Instagram? site affordances, tensions between privacy and self-expression, and implications for social capital. Computers in Human Behavior, 86, 276-288. Doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2018.04.041
Shavelson, R.J.; Hubner, J.J. y Stanton, J.C. (1976). Self-Concept: Validation of construct interpretations. Review of Educational Research 46, 407-441.
Seekis, V., Bradley, G. L., & Duffy, A. L. (2020). Does a Facebook-enhanced mindful self-compassion intervention improve body image? an evaluation study. Body Image, 34, 259-269. Doi: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.07.006
Sherman, L. E., Payton, A. A., Hernandez, L. M., Greenfield, P. M., & Dapretto, M. (2016). The power of the like in adolescence: effects of peer influence on neural and behavioral responses to social media. Psychological science, 27(7), 1027-1035. Doi: 10.1177/0956797616645673
Tiggemann, M., & Anderberg, I. (2020). Muscles and bare chests on Instagram: the effect of influencers’ fashion and fitspiration images on men’s body image. Body Image, 35, 237-244. Doi: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.10.001
Tiggemann, M., & Barbato, I. (2018). “You look great!”: The effect of viewing appearance-related Instagram comments on women’s body image. Body Image, 27, 61-66. Doi: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2018.08.009
Tiggemann, M., & Zaccardo, M. (2015). “Exercise to be fit, not skinny”: The effect of fitspiration imagery on women's body image. Body image, 15, 61-67. Doi: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2015.06.003
Umandap, J. D., & Teh, L. A. (2020). Self-compassion as a mediator between perfectionism and personal growth initiative. Psychological Studies, 65(3), 227-238. Doi: 10.1007/s12646-020-00566-8
Wasylkiw, L., MacKinnon, A.L., & MacLellan, A.M. (2012). Exploring the link between self-compassion and body image in university women. Body image, 9(2), 236-245. Doi: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2012.01.007
Wiederhold, B.K. (2018). The tenuous relationship between Instagram and teen self-identity. Cyberpsychology, behavior, and social networking, 21(4), 215–216. Doi: 10.1089/cyber.2018.29108.bkw
Wet, A. J., Lane, B.R., & Mulgrew, K.E. (2020). A randomised controlled trial examining the effects of self-compassion meditations on women’s body image. Body Image, 35, 22-29. Doi: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.07.009
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