Palabras clave
Exposición
realidad virtual
trastornos de la conducta alimentaria
revisión bibliográfica
bulimia nerviosa
anorexia nerviosa
trastorno de atracones.
realidad virtual
trastornos de la conducta alimentaria
revisión bibliográfica
bulimia nerviosa
anorexia nerviosa
trastorno de atracones.
Cómo citar
Terapia de exposición mediante Realidad Virtual en los trastornos alimentarios: presente y futuro. (2015). Tesis Psicológica, 10(2), 12-37. https://revistas.libertadores.edu.co/index.php/TesisPsicologica/article/view/624
Resumen
El objetivo de este trabajo fue revisar el uso de la realidad virtual (RV) como técnica de exposición para el tratamiento de los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (TCA). Para ello se analizó la literatura existente con el fin de responder a dos cuestiones: primero, ¿existe evidencia sobre la capacidad de los entornos y estímulos virtuales para provocar respuestas de ansiedad y craving en pacientes con TCA?; y, segundo, ¿la aplicación de técnicas de exposición mediante RV permite la disminución de esas respuestas? Se seleccionaron 13 estudios teniendo en cuenta los siguientes criterios de inclusión: muestras de pacientes con TCA, población subclínica y/o población sin TCA; exposición a entornos y estímulos de RV; evaluación de la ansiedad y/o craving; estudios empíricos y meta-análisis. Los resultados muestran evidencia sobre la capacidad de la RV para provocar respuestas de ansiedad en los pacientes con TCA y, por tanto, su eficacia potencial para la implementación de la terapia de exposición en el tratamiento de los trastornos alimentarios. En cambio, la evidencia disponible sobre la capacidad de la RV para generar respuestas de craving es limitada. Se detectan dos líneas de investigación emergentes. En primer lugar, el uso de la RV para la exposición con prevención de respuesta de la conducta de atracón en pacientes con bulimia y trastorno de atracón. En segundo lugar, el uso de esta tecnología para la exposición a la comida en pacientes con anorexia que muestran elevados niveles de ansiedad y evitación ante determinados alimentos y situaciones.Referencias
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Bulik, C. M., Berkman, N. D., Brownley, K. A., Sedway, J. A., & Lohr, K. N. (2007). Anorexia nervosa treatment: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. International Journal of Eating Disorders 40(4), 310-320. doi: 10.1002/eat.20367.
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Cardi, V., Krug, I., Perpiñá, C., Mataix, D., Roncero, M., & Treasure, J. (2012). The use of a Nonimmersive virtual reality programe in anorexia nervosa: a single case-report. European Eating Disrders Review, 20, 240-245. doi: 10.1002/erv.1155.
Carvalho, M. R. D., Freire, R. C., & Nardi, A. E. (2010). Virtual reality as a mechanism for exposure therapy. The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry, 11(2-2), 220-230. doi: 10.1080/15622970802575985.
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Delinsky, S. S., & Wilson, G. T. (2010). Cognitive behavior therapy with body image exposure for bulimia nervosa: a case example. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 17, 270-277.doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2010.02.004
Fairburn, C. G. (2005). Evidence based treatment of anorexia nervosa. International Journal of Eating
Disorders, 37(S1), S26-30.
Fairburn, C. G., Jones, R., Peveler, R. C., Hope, R. A., & O’Connor, M. (1993). psychotherapy and bulimia nervosa: Longer-term effects of interpersonal psychotherapy, behavior therapy, and cognitive behavior therapy. Archives of General Psychiatry, 50, 419-428. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1993.01820180009001
Fairburn, C. G., Marcus, M. D., & Wilson, G. T. (1993). Cognitive behaviour therapy for binge eating and bulimia nervosa: A treatment manual. En C. G. Fairburn & G. T. Wilson. (Eds.), Binge eating: Nature, assessment and treatment (pp. 361-404). New York: Guilford Press.
Farrell, C., Shafran, R., & Lee, M. (2006). Empirically evaluated treatments for body image disturbance:
A review. European Eating Disorders Review, 14, 289-300. doi: 10.1002/erv.693.
Ferrer, M., & Gutiérrez, J. (2010). Effect of the mood induced by virtual reality exposure on body image disturbances. Studies in Health Technology and Informatics, 154, 44-49.
Ferrer, M., Gutiérrez, J., Agliaro, M., Lobera, X, Pla, J., & Vilalta, F. (2014). Validation of VR-based
software for binge eating treatment: Preliminary data. Studies in Health Technology and Informatics,
199, 146-150.
Ferrer, M., Gutiérrez, J., Caqueo, A., & Moreno, E. (2009). The validity of virtual environments for eliciting emotional responses in patients with eating disorders and in controls. Behavior Modification, 33(6), 830-854. doi:10.1177/0145445509348056.
Ferrer, M., Gutiérrez, J., & Pla, J. (2013). Cue-elicited anxiety and craving for food using virtual reality scenarios. Studies in Health Technology and Informatics, 191, 105-109. doi: 10.3233/978-1-61499-282-0-105.
Ferrer, M., Gutiérrez, J., Treasure, J., & Vilalta, F. (2015). Craving for food in virtual reality scenarios
in non-clinical simple: Analysis of its relationship with body mass index and eating disorders symptoms. European Eating Disorders Review, 23(5), 371-378. doi: 10.1002/erv.2375.
Ferrer, M., Gutiérrez, J., & Riva, G. (2013). Virtual Reality Based Treatments in Eating Disorders and Obesity: A Review. Journal of Contemporany Psychotherapy, 43(2), 1-15. doi:10.1007/s10879-013-9240-1.
Ferrer, M., Gutiérrez, J., Pla, J., Vilalta, F., Andreu, A., Dakanalis, A.,… Sánchez, I. (En prensa).
External eating as a predictor of cue-reactivity to food-related virtual environments. Studies in Health Technology and Informatics.
Ferrer, M., & Gutiérrez, J. (2012). The use of virtual reality in the study, assessment, and treatment of body image in eating disorders and nonclinical samples: a review of the literature. Body Image, 9, 1-11. doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2011.10.001
Fleming, M., Olsen, D., Stathes, H., Boteler, L., Grossberg, P., Pfeifer, J.,… Skochelak, S. (2009). Virtual reality skills training for health care professionals in alcohol screening and brief intervention. The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine, 22(4), 387-398. doi:10.3122/jabfm.2009.04.080208
Gorini, A., Griez, E., Petrova, A., & Riva, G. (2010). Assessment of the emotional responses produced by exposure to real food, virtual food and photographs of food in patients affected by eating disorders. Annals of General Psychiatry, 9(30). doi: 10.1186/1744-859X-9-30.
Gutiérrez, J., Ferrer, M., Caqueo, A., & Moreno, E. (2010). Body image in eating disorders: The influence of exposure to virtual-reality environments. Cyberpsycologia, Behavior and Social Networking, 13(5), 521-531. doi:10.1089/cyber.2009.0301.
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