Palabras clave
Distracción
dolor experimental
videojuegos
catastrofización.
dolor experimental
videojuegos
catastrofización.
Cómo citar
Efecto de la distracción mediante el uso de videojuegos en la percepción del dolor inducido experimentalmente. (2016). Tesis Psicológica, 10(1), 104-114. https://revistas.libertadores.edu.co/index.php/TesisPsicologica/article/view/571
Resumen
La atención juega un papel importante en la percepción del dolor. Focalizar la atención intensifica la experiencia de dolor, mientras que la distracción puede decrementar la experiencia subjetiva del mismo (Eccleston & Crombez, 1999). El presente estudio explora el efecto de la distracción mediante un videojuego en el manejo de dolor producido experimentalmente. El diseño es de medidas repetidas. Los sujetos participaron en dos inmersiones consecutivas de Cold Pressor Test (CPT), como método de dolor experimental y fueron administradas dos formas de distracción: Coloreado vs. Videojuego. En el experimento participaron individuos saludables (n=36) cuyas edades oscilaron entre 20 y 40 años (m: 23,7; d.t.: 4,2). Cada participante completó una Escala Visual Analógica (EVA), se midió umbral, tolerancia y estimación del tiempo y fue incluida la Escala de Catastrofismo de Sullivan - PCS (Sullivan et al., 1995), administrada antes y después de la distracción. El efecto de las condiciones experimentales fue contrastado mediante análisis de la varianza (ANOVA) y los componentes del catastrofismo mediante un análisis multivariado (MANOVA). Los participantes refirieron un aumento significativo de umbral y tolerancia al dolor cuando fueron distraídos con el videojuego. En cuanto a las estrategias cognitivas, descendieron algunos componentes del catastrofismo. El uso de distracción resultaría útil para mejorar estrategias cognitivas implicadas en dolor. Se discuten implicaciones clínicas de estos hallazgos.Referencias
Campbell, C. M., Quartana, P. J, Buenaver, L. F., Haythornthwaite, J. A. & Edwards, R. R. (2010).
Changes in situation-specific pain catastrophizing precede changes in pain report during
capsacing pain: a cross-lagged panel analysis among healthy, pain-free participants. The
Journal Pain, 11(9), 876-884.
Dahlquist, L. M., McKenna, K. D., Jones, K. K., Dillinger, L., Weiss, K. E. & Ackerman, C. S.
(2007). Active and passive distraction using a head-mounted display helmet: Effects on
cold pressor pain in children. Health Psychology, 26(6), 794-801.
Dahlquist, L. M., Weiss, K. E., Clendaniel, L. D., Law, E. K., Ackerman, C. S. & McKenna, K.
D. (2009). Effects of videogame distraction using a virtual reality type head - mounted
display helmet on cold pressor pain in children. Journal Children of Pediatric Psychology,
35(6), 617-625.
Eccleston, C. & Crombez, C. (1999). Pain demands attention: a cognitive- affective model of the
interruptive function of pain. Psychological Bulletin, 125(3), 356-366.
Edens, J. L. & Gil, K. M. (1995). Experimental induction of pain: Utility in the study of clinical
pain. Behavior Therapy, 26(2), 197-216.
Edwards, R. R., Campbell, C. M. & Fillingim, R. B. (2005). Catastophizing and experimental pain
sensitivity: only in vivo reports of catastrophic cognitions correlate with pain responses.
The Journal of Pain, 6, 338-339.
Edwards, R. R., Smith, M. T., Stonerock, G. & Haythornwaithe, J. (2006). Pain-related catastophizing
in healthy women is associated with greater temporal summation of and reduced
habituation to termal pain. Clinical Journal of Pain, 22, 730-737.
Harris, K. & Reid, D. (2005). The influence of virtual reality play of children´s motivation. Can J
Occup Ther, 72, 21-29.
Hoffman, H. G., García, A., Kapa, V., Beecher, J. & Sharar, S. R. (2003). Immersive Virtual Reality
for reducing experimental ischemic pain. International Journal of Human Computer Interaction,
15(3), 469-486.
Hoffman, H. G., García, A., Patterson, D. R., Jensen, M., Furness, T.A. & Ammons, W. F. (2001).
The effectiveness of virtual reality for dental pain control: A case study. Cyberpsychological
Behavior, 4, 527-535.
Hoffman, H. G., Patterson, D. R. & Carrougher, G. J. (2000). Use of Virtual Reality for adjunctive
treatment of adult burn pain during physical therapy: a controlled study. The Clinical
Journal of Pain, 16(3), 244-250.
Hoffman, H. G. Patterson, D. R., Carrougher, G. J. & Sharar, S. R. (2001). The effectiveness of
virtual reality-based pain control with multiple treatments. The clinical Journal of Pain,
17(3), 229-235.
Hoffman, H. G., Richards, T., Coda, B., Richards, A. & Sharar, S. R. (2003). The illusion of presence
in immersive virtual reality during FMRI Brain Scan. Cyberpsychology and Behavior,
6, 127-131.
Hoffmann, H. G., Seibel, E. J., Richards, T. L., Furness, T. A., Patterson, D. & Sharar, S. R. (2006).
Virtual reality Helmet Display quality influences the magnitude of virtual reality analgesia.
The Journal Pain, 7(11), 843-850.
Johnson, G., Breakwell, W., Douglas, W. & Humphries, S. (1998). The effecct of imagery and sensory
direction distractor son different measures of pain: How does distraction Works?
British Journal Clinic Psychol, 37(2), 141-154.
Loreto, D., Gutiérrez, J., Nieto, R., Gutiérrez, O., Ferrer, M., Saldana, C. & Liutsko, L. (2014). Differential
Effects of Two Virtual Reality Interventions: Distraction Versus Pain Control.
Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 17(6), 353-358.
Loreto, D., Gutiérrez, J., Gutiérrez, O. & Nieto, R. (2011). Non-interactive virtual reality to manage
pain. Anuario de psicología/The UB Journal of psychology, 41(1), 67-79.
Lovallo, W. & Zeiner, A. R. (1975). Some factors influencing the vasomotor response to cold pressor
simulation. Psychopsysiology. 12(5), 499-505.
Magora, F., Cohen, S., Sochina, M & Dayan, E. (2006). Virtual Reality immersion method of distraction
to control experimental ischemic pain. IMAJ, 8, 261-265.
Mahrer, N. M. & Gold, J. I. (2009). The use of virtual reality for pain control: a review. Currentt Pain
and Headache Reports, 13(2), 100-109.
Malloi, K. M. & Milling, L. S. (2010). The effectiveness of virtual reality distraction for pain reduction:
a sistemic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 30(8), 1011-1018.
McCaul, K. D. & Haugtvedt, C. (1982). Attention, distraction and cold - pressor pain. Journal of
Personality and Social Psycholog, 43(1), 154-162.
McCaul, K. D. & Malott, J. M. (1984). Distraction and coping with pain. Psychol Bull, 95(3), 516-533.
Melzack, R. & Wall, P. D. (1965). Pain mechanism: a new theory. Science, 150, 971-979.
Miró, J., Nieto, R. & Huguet, A. (2007). Realidad Virtual y manejo del dolor. Cuadernos de medicina
psicosomática y psiquiatría de enlace, 82, 52-64.
Osman, A., Barrios, F. X., Gutiérrez, P. M., Kopper, B. A., Merrifield, T. & Grittmann, L. (2000).
The Pain Catastropshizing Scale: further psychometric evaluation with adult samples.
Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 23(4), 351-365.
Rutter, C., Dahlquist, L. & Weiss, K. (2009). Sustained efficacy of Virtua reality Distraction. The
Journal of Pain, 10(4), 391-397.
Sullivan, M. J. L., Bishop, S. R. & Pivik, J. (1995). The Pain Catastrophizing Scale: development and
validation. Psychological Assessment, 7(4), 524-532.
Sullivan, M. J. L. & Neish, N. (1998). Catastrophizing, anxiety and pain during dental higiene
treatment. Community Dental Oral Epidemiol, 37, 243-250.
Sullivan, M. J. L., Thorn, B., Haythornthwaite, J. A., Keefe, F., Martin, M., Bradley, L. A. & Lefebvre,
J. C. (2001). Theorical perspectives on the relation between catastrophizing and
pain. Clin J Pain, 17, 52-64.
Turk, D. C., Meichenbaum, D. & Genest, M. (1983). Pain and behavioral medicine: a cognitive - behavioral
perspective. New York: Guilford Press.
Thorn, B. E. & Hansel, P. L. (1993). Goals for coping with pain mitigate time distortion. American
Journal of Psychology, 106(2), 211-225.
Van Damme, V., Legrain, J., Vogt, J. & Crombez, G. (2010). Keeping pain in mind: a motivational
account of attention to pain. Neurosci Biobehav, 34(2), 204-213.
Villemure, C. & Bushnell, M. C. (2002). Cognitive modulation of pain: how do attention and emotion
influence pain processing? Pain, 93, 195-199.
Von Baeyer, C., Piira, T., Chambers, C., Trapanotto, M. & Zeltzer, L. (2005). Guidelines for the
cold pressor task as an experimental pain stimulus for use with children. The Journal Pain,
6(4), 218-227.
Wismeijer, A. A. J. & Vingerthoets, A. J. J. M. (2005). The use of virtual reality and audiovisual
eyeglass system as adjunct analgesic techniques: A review of the literatura. Annals of
Behavioral Medicine, 30(3), 268-278.
Weiss, K. E., Dahlquist, L. M. & Wohlheiter, K. (2011). The effects of interactive and passive
distraction on cold pressor pain in preschool-aged children. Journal of pediatric psychology,
36(7), 816-826.
Changes in situation-specific pain catastrophizing precede changes in pain report during
capsacing pain: a cross-lagged panel analysis among healthy, pain-free participants. The
Journal Pain, 11(9), 876-884.
Dahlquist, L. M., McKenna, K. D., Jones, K. K., Dillinger, L., Weiss, K. E. & Ackerman, C. S.
(2007). Active and passive distraction using a head-mounted display helmet: Effects on
cold pressor pain in children. Health Psychology, 26(6), 794-801.
Dahlquist, L. M., Weiss, K. E., Clendaniel, L. D., Law, E. K., Ackerman, C. S. & McKenna, K.
D. (2009). Effects of videogame distraction using a virtual reality type head - mounted
display helmet on cold pressor pain in children. Journal Children of Pediatric Psychology,
35(6), 617-625.
Eccleston, C. & Crombez, C. (1999). Pain demands attention: a cognitive- affective model of the
interruptive function of pain. Psychological Bulletin, 125(3), 356-366.
Edens, J. L. & Gil, K. M. (1995). Experimental induction of pain: Utility in the study of clinical
pain. Behavior Therapy, 26(2), 197-216.
Edwards, R. R., Campbell, C. M. & Fillingim, R. B. (2005). Catastophizing and experimental pain
sensitivity: only in vivo reports of catastrophic cognitions correlate with pain responses.
The Journal of Pain, 6, 338-339.
Edwards, R. R., Smith, M. T., Stonerock, G. & Haythornwaithe, J. (2006). Pain-related catastophizing
in healthy women is associated with greater temporal summation of and reduced
habituation to termal pain. Clinical Journal of Pain, 22, 730-737.
Harris, K. & Reid, D. (2005). The influence of virtual reality play of children´s motivation. Can J
Occup Ther, 72, 21-29.
Hoffman, H. G., García, A., Kapa, V., Beecher, J. & Sharar, S. R. (2003). Immersive Virtual Reality
for reducing experimental ischemic pain. International Journal of Human Computer Interaction,
15(3), 469-486.
Hoffman, H. G., García, A., Patterson, D. R., Jensen, M., Furness, T.A. & Ammons, W. F. (2001).
The effectiveness of virtual reality for dental pain control: A case study. Cyberpsychological
Behavior, 4, 527-535.
Hoffman, H. G., Patterson, D. R. & Carrougher, G. J. (2000). Use of Virtual Reality for adjunctive
treatment of adult burn pain during physical therapy: a controlled study. The Clinical
Journal of Pain, 16(3), 244-250.
Hoffman, H. G. Patterson, D. R., Carrougher, G. J. & Sharar, S. R. (2001). The effectiveness of
virtual reality-based pain control with multiple treatments. The clinical Journal of Pain,
17(3), 229-235.
Hoffman, H. G., Richards, T., Coda, B., Richards, A. & Sharar, S. R. (2003). The illusion of presence
in immersive virtual reality during FMRI Brain Scan. Cyberpsychology and Behavior,
6, 127-131.
Hoffmann, H. G., Seibel, E. J., Richards, T. L., Furness, T. A., Patterson, D. & Sharar, S. R. (2006).
Virtual reality Helmet Display quality influences the magnitude of virtual reality analgesia.
The Journal Pain, 7(11), 843-850.
Johnson, G., Breakwell, W., Douglas, W. & Humphries, S. (1998). The effecct of imagery and sensory
direction distractor son different measures of pain: How does distraction Works?
British Journal Clinic Psychol, 37(2), 141-154.
Loreto, D., Gutiérrez, J., Nieto, R., Gutiérrez, O., Ferrer, M., Saldana, C. & Liutsko, L. (2014). Differential
Effects of Two Virtual Reality Interventions: Distraction Versus Pain Control.
Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 17(6), 353-358.
Loreto, D., Gutiérrez, J., Gutiérrez, O. & Nieto, R. (2011). Non-interactive virtual reality to manage
pain. Anuario de psicología/The UB Journal of psychology, 41(1), 67-79.
Lovallo, W. & Zeiner, A. R. (1975). Some factors influencing the vasomotor response to cold pressor
simulation. Psychopsysiology. 12(5), 499-505.
Magora, F., Cohen, S., Sochina, M & Dayan, E. (2006). Virtual Reality immersion method of distraction
to control experimental ischemic pain. IMAJ, 8, 261-265.
Mahrer, N. M. & Gold, J. I. (2009). The use of virtual reality for pain control: a review. Currentt Pain
and Headache Reports, 13(2), 100-109.
Malloi, K. M. & Milling, L. S. (2010). The effectiveness of virtual reality distraction for pain reduction:
a sistemic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 30(8), 1011-1018.
McCaul, K. D. & Haugtvedt, C. (1982). Attention, distraction and cold - pressor pain. Journal of
Personality and Social Psycholog, 43(1), 154-162.
McCaul, K. D. & Malott, J. M. (1984). Distraction and coping with pain. Psychol Bull, 95(3), 516-533.
Melzack, R. & Wall, P. D. (1965). Pain mechanism: a new theory. Science, 150, 971-979.
Miró, J., Nieto, R. & Huguet, A. (2007). Realidad Virtual y manejo del dolor. Cuadernos de medicina
psicosomática y psiquiatría de enlace, 82, 52-64.
Osman, A., Barrios, F. X., Gutiérrez, P. M., Kopper, B. A., Merrifield, T. & Grittmann, L. (2000).
The Pain Catastropshizing Scale: further psychometric evaluation with adult samples.
Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 23(4), 351-365.
Rutter, C., Dahlquist, L. & Weiss, K. (2009). Sustained efficacy of Virtua reality Distraction. The
Journal of Pain, 10(4), 391-397.
Sullivan, M. J. L., Bishop, S. R. & Pivik, J. (1995). The Pain Catastrophizing Scale: development and
validation. Psychological Assessment, 7(4), 524-532.
Sullivan, M. J. L. & Neish, N. (1998). Catastrophizing, anxiety and pain during dental higiene
treatment. Community Dental Oral Epidemiol, 37, 243-250.
Sullivan, M. J. L., Thorn, B., Haythornthwaite, J. A., Keefe, F., Martin, M., Bradley, L. A. & Lefebvre,
J. C. (2001). Theorical perspectives on the relation between catastrophizing and
pain. Clin J Pain, 17, 52-64.
Turk, D. C., Meichenbaum, D. & Genest, M. (1983). Pain and behavioral medicine: a cognitive - behavioral
perspective. New York: Guilford Press.
Thorn, B. E. & Hansel, P. L. (1993). Goals for coping with pain mitigate time distortion. American
Journal of Psychology, 106(2), 211-225.
Van Damme, V., Legrain, J., Vogt, J. & Crombez, G. (2010). Keeping pain in mind: a motivational
account of attention to pain. Neurosci Biobehav, 34(2), 204-213.
Villemure, C. & Bushnell, M. C. (2002). Cognitive modulation of pain: how do attention and emotion
influence pain processing? Pain, 93, 195-199.
Von Baeyer, C., Piira, T., Chambers, C., Trapanotto, M. & Zeltzer, L. (2005). Guidelines for the
cold pressor task as an experimental pain stimulus for use with children. The Journal Pain,
6(4), 218-227.
Wismeijer, A. A. J. & Vingerthoets, A. J. J. M. (2005). The use of virtual reality and audiovisual
eyeglass system as adjunct analgesic techniques: A review of the literatura. Annals of
Behavioral Medicine, 30(3), 268-278.
Weiss, K. E., Dahlquist, L. M. & Wohlheiter, K. (2011). The effects of interactive and passive
distraction on cold pressor pain in preschool-aged children. Journal of pediatric psychology,
36(7), 816-826.
