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Introducción: La identificación de las redes neuronales responsables de la memoria de trabajo (MT) permite conocer con precisión el papel de estas regiones cerebrales y su relación con el proceso cognitivo. Sin embargo, la literatura actual adolece de una revisión sistemática que permita conocer la contribución de los estudios en conectividad funcional a la explicación de las bases neuronales de la MT. Objetivo: Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este artículo es presentar los hallazgos más significativos reportados en la literatura. Metodología: Primero, se realiza un análisis bibliométrico que evidencia la importancia del tema de investigación. Luego, se utiliza la herramienta Tree of Science para presentar una revisión cronológica que aporta una descripción general de las perspectivas del estado del arte. Finalmente, se realiza un análisis de conglomerados de la red de citaciones para identificar las diferentes perspectivas del tema. Por lo anterior, se plantea una ecuación de búsqueda que se aplica en la base de datos de Web of Science (WoS) desde enero de 2001 a enero de 2019. Resultados: Los resultados mostraron 4 enfoques relacionados con los cambios en la conectividad funcional en: sujetos sanos, enfermedad vascular cerebral, espectro de la esquizofrenia y otros trastornos psicóticos y trastornos del neurodesarrollo. Conclusiones: De acuerdo a cada una de estas perspectivas, se ha encontrado la activación consistente de un circuito cerebral compuesto por seis regiones involucradas con la MT: Corteza parietal posterior bilateral, corteza pre-motora bilateral, corteza pre-motora medial, polo frontal, corteza prefrontal dorso-lateral bilateral y corteza prefrontal ventro-lateral medial bilateral.
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