Keywords
Transnational corporations (TNCs)
non-governmental organizations (NGOs)
foreign policy
public opinion
influence
government
non-governmental organizations (NGOs)
foreign policy
public opinion
influence
government
How to Cite
Behind the curtain: Transnational Corporations, Non-Governmental Organizations and Foreign Policy. (2014). Revista Vía Iuris, 14, 75-87. https://revistas.libertadores.edu.co/index.php/ViaIuris/article/view/395
Abstract
Certainly, foreign policy is a key component of government activity that undoubtedly attests to the inter-play of different forces trying to shape decision-making processes. Two of them are transnational corporations (TNCs) and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), however, little is known about the strategies successfully used by them to infer the results of foreign policy. This paper makes a comprehensive assessment of theories of foreign policy analysis, comparative politics, and concise case studies, in order to understand the relevance achieved and the strategies employed by these organizations. An analysis of these factors reveals that TNCs’ economic capacity promotes practices such as lobbying, while NGOs possessing greater stature than their counterparts, scrutinize both government and corporate behaviour. On the other hand, TNCs and NGOs actively disseminate ideas, aimed at persuading public or political leaders, all in favour of agendas of their choice. This study adds a better understanding of unofficial sources of foreign policy, which could open up future research paths regarding to the role of non-state actors in public affairs, and their relationship with state’s ruling elites.
References
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Cusimano, M. K., Hensman, M. & Rodríguez, L. (2000). Private Sector Transsovereign Actors: MNCs and NGOs. Cusimano, Maryann K. (Edits.). Beyond Sovereignty: Issues for a Global Agenda (pp.255-282). Boston, Estados Unidos: Palgrave Macmillan.
Davies, S. E. (2010). The Global Politics of Health. Cambridge, Reino Unido: Polity Press.
FInnemore, M. & Sikkink, K. (1998). International Norm Dynamics and Political Change. International Organization, 52 (Nº 4), pp.887-917. Recuperado el 6 de Junio de 2012 en http://www.jstor.org/stable/2601361
Goldenberg, S. (2009). Barack Obama’s key climate bill hit by $45m PR campaign. The Guardian. Recuperado el 2 de Mayo de 2013 en http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2009/may/12/us-climate-bill-oil-gas
Goldenberg, S. (2009). Oil Lobby to Fund Campaign against Obama’s Climate Change Strategy . The Guardian. Recuperado el 2 de Mayo de 2013 en http://www.guardian.co.uk/environ-ment/2009/aug/14/us-lobbying
Gourevitch, P. (1978). The Second Image Reversed: The Internacional Sources of Domestic Politics. International Organizations, 32 (Nº 4), pp. 881-912. Recuperado el 6 de Enero de 2011 en http://www.jstor.org/stable/2706180.
Haas, P. M. (1992). Introduction: epistemic Communities and International Policy Coordination. International Organizations, 46 (Nº1), pp. 1-32. Recuperado el 22 de Marzo de 2010 en http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=00208183%28199224%2946%3A1%3C1%3AIECAIP%3E2.0.CO%3B2-%23
Hagan, D. J. (1995). Domestic Political Explanations in the Análisis of Foreign Policy. En L. Neack, J. A. K. Hey y P. J. Haney (Edits.), Foreign Policy Analysis: Continuity and Change in Its Second Generation (pp.117-143). New Jersey, Estados Unidos: Prentice Hall.
Hawkins, D. G., Lake, D. A., Nielson, D. L. & Tierney, M. J. (2006). Delegation and Agency in International Organizations. Cambridge, Reino Uni-do: Cambridge University Press.
Hill, C. (2003). The Changing Politics of Foreign Policy. New York, Estados Unidos: Palgrave Macmillan.
Josselin, D. & Wallace, W. (2001). Non-State Actors in World Politics. New York, Estados Unidos: Palgrave Macmillan.
Kamradt, A. (2010). The WHO Secretariat, norm entrepreneurship and global disease outbreak control. Journal of International Organization Studies, pp. 72-89. Recuperado el 21 de Noviembre de 2011 en http://www.journaliostudies.org/sites/journal-iostudies.org/files/JIOS1015.pdf
Katzenstein, P. J. (1976). International Relations and Domestic Structures: Foreign Economic Policies of Advanced Industrial Status. International Organizations, 30 (Nº 1), pp. 1-45. Recuperado el 21 de Septiembre de 2009 en http://www.jstor.org/stable/2706246.
Kappen, T. R. (1991). Public Opinion, Domestic Structure, and Foreign Policy in Liberal Democracies. World Politics, 43 (Nº 4), pp. 479-512. Recuperado el 11 de Febrero de 2010. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2010534.
Kim, Y. (2011). The Unveiled Power of NGOs: How NGOs Influence States’ Foreign Policy Behaviors. Disertación doctoral. Iowa, Estados Unidos: University of Iowa. Recuperada el 10 de Febrero de 2013 en http://ir.uiowa.edu/etd
Klein, N. (2007). The Shock Doctrine. New York, Estados Unidos: Metropolitan Books.
Langhorne, R. (2005). The Diplomacy of Non-State Actors. Diplomacy and Statcraft, v. 16, pp. 331-339. Recuperado el 3 de Noviembre de 2012 en http://www.scribd.com/doc/7291808/Langhorne-Diplomacy-of-Nonstate-Actors
Muldoon, J. P. (2005). The Diplomacy of Business. Diplomacy and Statecraft, 16 (Nº 2), pp. 341-359. Recuperado el 23 de Agosto de 2011 en http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/routledg/dip/2005/00000016/00000002/art00008
Nye, J. S. (2004). The Rising Power of NGO’s. Project Syndicate, a World of Ideas. Recuperado el 8 de Octubre de 2012 en http://www.pro-ject-syndicate.org/commentary/the-rising-power-of-ngo-s
Nye, J. S. (2011). The Future of Power. NuevaYork, Estados Unidos: Public Affairs.
Pigman, G. A. (2005). Making Room at the Negotiating Table: The Growth of Diplomacy Between Nation-Satate Governments and Non-State Economic Entities. Diplomacy and Statcraft, 16 (Nº 2), pp. 385-401. Recupera-do el 10 de Abril de 2012 en http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09592290590948414
Putnam, R. D. (1988). Diplomacy and Domestic Politics: The Logia of Two-Level Games. International Organizations, 42 (Nº 3), pp. 427-460. Recuperado el 13 de Julio de 2011 en http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0020-8183%28198822%2942%3A3%3C427%3ADADPTL%3E2.0.CO%3B2-K
Reimann, K. D. (2006). A View from the Top: Internacional Politics, Norms and the Worldwide Growth of NGOs. Political Science Faculty Publications, Georgia State University. 50, pp. 45-67. Recuperado el 4 de Septiembre de 2012 en http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/political_science_facpub/4
Rodrik, D. (2011). The Globalization paradox: Why Global Markets, status, and Democracy Can’t Coexist. Oxford, Reino Unido: Oxford University Press.
Simmons, P. J. (1998). Learning to Live with NGOs. Foreign Policy, 112, 82-96. Recuperado el 15 de Marzo de 2008 en http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0015-7228%28199823%290%3A112%3C82%3ALTLWN%3E2.0.CO%3B2-K
Staats, E. B. (1976). U. S. Foreign Relations and Multinational Corporations: What’s the Connection? Reporte presentado ante el Congreso de los Estados Unidos por el Contralor General, Washington, Estados Unidos. Recuperado el 15 de Febrero de 2013 en http://www.gao.gov/assets/130/123830.pdf
Stiglitz, J. E. (2012). The Price of Inequality. Londres, Reino Unido: Allen Lane.
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