Palabras clave
Resumen
La reabsorción radicular (RR) puede ser considerada una consecuen
cia iatrogénica común del tratamiento de ortodoncia observada por los
ortodoncistas durante el tratamiento y su diagnóstico es principalmen
te radiográfico. El objetivo de este estudio es desarrollar un modelo que
permita predecir la severidad de la RR que podría presentar un paciente
considerando variables diagnósticas y del tratamiento. Esto le permitirá
al ortodoncista prever la disposición del paciente a desarrollar RR al ini
ciar su tratamiento, con el fin de promover la toma de decisiones clínicas
que permitan mantener la salud de los tejidos dentales. Metodología: Se
toman 191 registros de un estudio realizado por Silva y cols. (2018), se
realiza el respectivo etiquetado para la clasificación de la severidad de
la reabsorción (OIEARRmax: Leve 0-15%, moderada/severa > 15%). Se
entrenaron y evaluaron un modelo base y cuatro modelos de aprendiza
je supervisado. Resultados: se creó un modelo de análisis discriminante
lineal que permite predecir la severidad de la RR con una sensibilidad
del 60.67% y una precisión del 74.88%. También se logran establecer
como las variables más influyentes en el modelo el uso de aparatología
funcional y Hyrax, edad, presencia de extracciones o mordida abierta y
duración de tratamiento. El hábito de interposición lingual parece no te
ner un rol relevante en el desarrollo de la RR. Conclusión: se entrenaron
y evaluaron diferentes modelos de aprendizaje automático supervisado,
logrando buena sensibilidad y precisión con el modelo de análisis dis
criminante lineal (LDA), sin embargo, la elaboración de nuevos modelos
de clasificación evaluando otras variables como antecedentes médicos y
odontológicos personales, así como un mayor tamaño muestral para el
entrenamiento del modelo, es requerida para buscar predicciones que
sean aplicables con mayor seguridad en la práctica ortodóncica diaria.
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