Resumen
Antecedentes: El crecimiento y diversificación de las relaciones entre humanos y otras especies animales ha suscitado el interés por la consideración o trato moral hacia dichas especies. Desde la cognición moral, se vienen estudiando tanto las tendencias de razonamiento, como la percepción de capacidades cognitivas que los humanos ven como importantes para considerar a un animal no humano digno de trato moral. Objetivos: El presente artículo realiza una reflexión respecto del denominado círculo moral como espacio psicológico, del cual se incluyen o excluyen agentes desde la percepción de capacidades y creencias asociadas a su estatus moral. Así, se exploran conceptos como el antropocentrismo o especismo, que han sido asociados a la naturaleza de las relaciones entre humanos y otras especies, para profundizar en el conocimiento que se tiene sobre los mismos en el desarrollo infantil. Resultados: La indagación realizada desde la cognición moral en el desarrollo lleva a conocer los antecedentes y cambios en la consideración moral de animales no humanos, además de permitir reflexionar en torno diversas formas de abordar y ampliar el estudio de la inclusión de animales en el círculo moral. Conclusión: Por ello, la parte final del artículo propone acudir a conceptos como la teleología y el desentendimiento moral para seguir profundizando en las bases cognitivas del trato moral a otras especies desde temprana edad, dadas las implicaciones en la educación y la situación ambiental actual.
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