Diseño de un Sistema IoT para la Evaluación de Micro-Paneles Solares: Prueba de Concepto en Sistemas Energéticos Alternativos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37511/apuntesci.v4n2a2Palabras clave:
IoT, micro-panel solar, ESP32, sensores ambientales, medición de corriente con shunt, LM324, MQTT, ThingSpeak, sistemas energéticos alternativos, monitoreo fotovoltaicoResumen
El uso de micro-paneles solares en entornos educativos y de experimentación suele requerir sistemas simples y accesibles para medir su comportamiento real frente a variables ambientales. En este trabajo se presenta una prueba de concepto de un sistema IoT de bajo costo para el monitoreo ambiental y eléctrico de un micro-panel solar de 1 W en condiciones reales de operación. El prototipo mide temperatura, humedad, tensión, corriente y potencia utilizando un ESP32 como nodo de adquisición con conectividad Wi-Fi integrada [1]. Las variables ambientales se registran mediante un sensor DHT22 [2], mientras que la corriente se mide con un sensor ACS712 basado en efecto Hall, cuya sensibilidad limitada en rangos bajos se considera adecuada para la prueba inicial, pero presenta restricciones documentadas [3]. La tensión del panel se mide mediante un divisor resistivo y se digitaliza con el ADC del ESP32 [4]. Los datos se transmiten simultáneamente a un servidor MQTT local [5] y a ThingSpeak, permitiendo visualización remota y almacenamiento histórico. El sistema genera series temporales FAIR y demuestra un funcionamiento estable. Los resultados permiten caracterizar el comportamiento del panel, y se recomienda implementar medición por shunt en trabajos futuros.
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